每經編(bian)輯｜每經記者 李彪     

◎每經記者 李彪

6月16日，環保部通報2014年(nian)度各省、自(zi)治區、直(zhi)轄市和8家中(zhong)央(yang)企業主(zhu)(zhu)要污(wu)(wu)染物總(zong)量減(jian)(jian)(jian)排核查及對《“十二五(wu)”主(zhu)(zhu)要污(wu)(wu)染物總(zong)量減(jian)(jian)(jian)排目標責任書》年(nian)度落實檢查情況，對總(zong)量減(jian)(jian)(jian)排工作中(zhong)存在突(tu)出(chu)(chu)問(wen)題的地方和企業開(kai)出(chu)(chu)罰單。

據環保部污(wu)染物排(pai)放總(zong)量(liang)控制司(si)司(si)長劉炳(bing)江(jiang)介紹，河北秦皇島、遼寧營(ying)口、湖(hu)南張家界(jie)、山東濱州(zhou)及中國化工集團(tuan)公司(si)、山東魏橋(qiao)創業集團(tuan)有(you)限公司(si)暫停審批相關建設項目環評。同時，對北京通州(zhou)區次渠(qu)污(wu)水處理廠、國電東北電力有(you)限公司(si)等(deng)25家企業掛牌督辦，責令限期整改。

一位不愿署名的環保部專家告(gao)訴《每日經濟新聞》記者，當(dang)前(qian)，企業逃避環境責任不是個案，環境違法情(qing)況(kuang)普遍。

中國化工集團超排問題突出

“十二(er)五(wu)”漸(jian)入尾(wei)聲，完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要污染物(wu)總量減排(pai)的任務(wu)并不輕(qing)松。為了確保(bao)“十二(er)五(wu)”時期主要污染物(wu)總量減排(pai)任務(wu)順利完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，在《“十二(er)五(wu)”主要污染物(wu)總量減排(pai)目(mu)標(biao)責(ze)任書(shu)》的基礎上(shang)，環(huan)保(bao)部進一步羅列了年(nian)度完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的重點(dian)減排(pai)項目(mu)。但是，從近兩(liang)年(nian)的年(nian)度任務(wu)完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)情(qing)況看，仍然(ran)有(you)不少地(di)方和(he)企業“拖后(hou)腿”。

在(zai)16日的通報(bao)中，劉(liu)炳江指出，經核(he)實，仍有少(shao)數地方和企業在(zai)總量(liang)減排工作中存(cun)在(zai)突出問(wen)題。

環保部決定，對(dui)城鎮污(wu)水(shui)處理設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)未(wei)按目(mu)(mu)標責任書落(luo)實、污(wu)水(shui)處理設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)嚴重滯(zhi)后(hou)、收(shou)費政策落(luo)實不到(dao)位，或未(wei)按期完成掛(gua)牌(pai)督(du)辦整改任務的(de)(de)河北(bei)秦(qin)皇島、遼(liao)寧營口、湖南(nan)張家界3城市，自(zi)公布之日起(qi)(qi)暫停審(shen)批(pi)新增化學需氧量和(he)氨氮排(pai)(pai)放的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)環評；對(dui)未(wei)完成年度(du)減(jian)(jian)排(pai)(pai)目(mu)(mu)標，城鎮污(wu)水(shui)處理設(she)(she)施(shi)和(he)燃煤機組脫硝(xiao)設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)嚴重滯(zhi)后(hou)、超標排(pai)(pai)放問題(ti)突出的(de)(de)山東濱州市，自(zi)公布之日起(qi)(qi)暫停審(shen)批(pi)除節能(neng)減(jian)(jian)排(pai)(pai)及民生(sheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)之外的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)環評。

同(tong)時，對目(mu)(mu)標責任書重(zhong)點項目(mu)(mu)未按要(yao)求(qiu)在(zai)2014年(nian)底前投運并達到規定脫(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)效率的，或(huo)所屬企業脫(tuo)硫(liu)(liu)脫(tuo)硝設(she)施建設(she)普遍滯后、超標排放(fang)問題(ti)突出的中國化工集團公(gong)司、山東(dong)魏橋創業集團有限公(gong)司，自公(gong)布之(zhi)日起暫(zan)停審批(pi)新(xin)增二氧化硫(liu)(liu)和氮氧化物(wu)排放(fang)的建設(she)項目(mu)(mu)環評。

上述環(huan)保部專家(jia)稱，暫停審批新建項目環(huan)評是(shi)一種倒逼(bi)措施，對于緩(huan)解總量減排不達(da)標的(de)問題(ti)具有(you)積極作用，該措施也已寫(xie)進新《環(huan)保法(fa)》中。

16家企業被追繳排污費

環(huan)保部(bu)決定，對污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理設施未按要求建設運行的北(bei)(bei)京通州區次渠污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理廠(chang)(chang)、河(he)北(bei)(bei)保定市溪源污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理廠(chang)(chang)、河(he)北(bei)(bei)滄州市運西(xi)(xi)污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理廠(chang)(chang)、山(shan)西(xi)(xi)晉中市壽陽(yang)污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理廠(chang)(chang)、遼寧鞍鋼西(xi)(xi)大溝(gou)污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理廠(chang)(chang)、上海奉賢東部(bu)污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理廠(chang)(chang)、安徽(hui)池州市城東污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理廠(chang)(chang)、江西(xi)(xi)南昌市瑤湖污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理廠(chang)(chang)以及湖北(bei)(bei)天門市黃金污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理有(you)限公司等(deng)9家企業掛牌(pai)督(du)辦(ban)，責令其(qi)6個月內完成整改任(ren)務。

脫硫(liu)脫硝設施未按要(yao)求建設運行(xing)、超標排(pai)放等問題，在一些(xie)中(zhong)央企業中(zhong)表現(xian)突出。

劉炳江介紹(shao)，將(jiang)對脫硫脫硝設(she)施未按要求建設(she)運(yun)行(xing)、污染物超標排(pai)放的國電(dian)(dian)(dian)東北電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、大(da)同(tong)煤礦集團(tuan)(tuan)大(da)唐熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)和同(tong)達熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、大(da)連市(shi)熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)集團(tuan)(tuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、廣東粵電(dian)(dian)(dian)集團(tuan)(tuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、江蘇(su)華爾潤集團(tuan)(tuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、新疆華泰重(zhong)化工(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)和中泰化學阜康(kang)能源(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)股份有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、河北宣化鋼(gang)鐵公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、吉(ji)林(lin)(lin)油田熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠、鄭州(zhou)新力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、湖北武漢乙烯公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、陜西韓城第二發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)責(ze)任(ren)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、新疆神火煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、新疆宜化化工(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、兵團(tuan)(tuan)農六師煤電(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、兵團(tuan)(tuan)天(tian)富熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)股份有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)等16家(jia)企業掛(gua)牌(pai)督(du)辦，責(ze)令限(xian)(xian)期整改，追(zhui)繳二氧(yang)化硫和氮氧(yang)化物排(pai)污費，其中享受環保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價補貼的，由所在地價格主管(guan)部門依法予以行(xing)政處罰。

值得注意的是(shi)，《每(mei)日經濟新聞》記(ji)者梳理發現，近兩年華電(dian)、神華、中石油等多家央企子公司不(bu)止一次(ci)因脫硫設施不(bu)正常運行、監測數(shu)據弄(nong)虛作假(jia)被(bei)處罰。

企業逃(tao)避(bi)環(huan)境責任(ren)(ren)不(bu)是個案，對(dui)排污企業來(lai)說，逃(tao)避(bi)責任(ren)(ren)就(jiu)是逃(tao)避(bi)環(huan)境治理成本，該(gai)環(huan)保(bao)部專家稱(cheng)，新(xin)《環(huan)保(bao)法(fa)(fa)》實施后(hou)這一情況(kuang)會有(you)所好(hao)轉。此外，地(di)方(fang)政府應敢(gan)于環(huan)保(bao)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)，保(bao)證環(huan)境執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)的獨(du)立性(xing)和嚴(yan)肅性(xing)，這樣，環(huan)境違法(fa)(fa)問題(ti)才能得到(dao)很好(hao)解(jie)決。