圖片來源：網絡

近日，《關于全面深化公(gong)安(an)改革若干(gan)重大問(wen)題的框架意(yi)見》及相關改革方案，已經中央(yang)審議通(tong)過，即將(jiang)印發實施。

黨中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、國務院對公(gong)(gong)安(an)工作高度(du)重(zhong)視，對公(gong)(gong)安(an)隊(dui)伍建設十分關心。黨的(de)(de)十八大以來，習近平總書記等中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)同志多次聽(ting)取公(gong)(gong)安(an)工作匯報，并就深(shen)入推進公(gong)(gong)安(an)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)、進一步加強和改(gai)進新形(xing)勢下(xia)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)安(an)工作和公(gong)(gong)安(an)隊(dui)伍建設作出重(zhong)要指示。在中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)全面深(shen)化(hua)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)小(xiao)組(zu)的(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)下(xia)，在中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)司法體制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)小(xiao)組(zu)的(de)(de)指導(dao)下(xia)，公(gong)(gong)安(an)部成立全面深(shen)化(hua)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)小(xiao)組(zu)，加強研(yan)(yan)究謀(mou)劃、深(shen)入調研(yan)(yan)論證，在形(xing)成《意見(jian)(jian)》和方(fang)案(an)稿(gao)后，又廣泛(fan)征求了(le)各地(di)、各有關部門(men)和基層(ceng)單位的(de)(de)意見(jian)(jian)，并根據各方(fang)意見(jian)(jian)反(fan)復修(xiu)改(gai)完(wan)善。《意見(jian)(jian)》和方(fang)案(an)先后經(jing)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)全面深(shen)化(hua)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)小(xiao)組(zu)會(hui)議、中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)政治局常委(wei)會(hui)議審議通過(guo)。

全(quan)(quan)面深化公(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)改革(ge)的(de)(de)總體(ti)(ti)目標是：完(wan)善與推(tui)進(jin)國家治(zhi)理(li)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)和治(zhi)理(li)能(neng)力現代化、建設中國特色社(she)會主義法(fa)治(zhi)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)相適(shi)應的(de)(de)現代警(jing)(jing)務(wu)(wu)運行(xing)機制(zhi)和執(zhi)法(fa)權(quan)力運行(xing)機制(zhi)，建立符合公(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)機關(guan)性質任(ren)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)機關(guan)管(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)，建立體(ti)(ti)現人民警(jing)(jing)察職業特點、有(you)別于其(qi)他公(gong)(gong)務(wu)(wu)員(yuan)的(de)(de)人民警(jing)(jing)察管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度(du)。到(dao)2020年(nian)，基本(ben)形成系(xi)(xi)統完(wan)備、科學規范、運行(xing)有(you)效的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)工作和公(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)隊伍管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度(du)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，實現基礎信(xin)息化、警(jing)(jing)務(wu)(wu)實戰化、執(zhi)法(fa)規范化、隊伍正規化，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)提升人民群(qun)眾的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)感、滿意度(du)和公(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)機關(guan)的(de)(de)執(zhi)法(fa)公(gong)(gong)信(xin)力。

全(quan)(quan)面深化公安(an)改(gai)革(ge)共有七個方面的(de)主要(yao)任(ren)務、100多(duo)項改(gai)革(ge)措施。一是健全(quan)(quan)維(wei)護國家安(an)全(quan)(quan)工作機制，二(er)是創(chuang)新社會治安(an)治理(li)機制，三是深化公安(an)行政管理(li)改(gai)革(ge)，四是完(wan)善執(zhi)法權力運(yun)行機制，五是完(wan)善公安(an)機關管理(li)體制，六是健全(quan)(quan)人(ren)民警察管理(li)制度，七是規范警務輔助人(ren)員管理(li)。

全(quan)面(mian)深化公(gong)(gong)安(an)改(gai)革堅持以問題為(wei)導向，將改(gai)革的指向聚(ju)焦在三個(ge)方面(mian)：一是(shi)著(zhu)力(li)完善現(xian)代警(jing)務運行機制(zhi)，提高(gao)社會治(zhi)安(an)防控水(shui)(shui)平和(he)治(zhi)安(an)治(zhi)理能(neng)力(li)，提高(gao)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群(qun)眾的安(an)全(quan)感。二(er)是(shi)著(zhu)力(li)推進公(gong)(gong)安(an)行政管理改(gai)革，提高(gao)管理效能(neng)和(he)服務水(shui)(shui)平，從政策上、制(zhi)度上推出更多惠民(min)(min)(min)利民(min)(min)(min)便民(min)(min)(min)新舉措，提高(gao)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群(qun)眾的滿意(yi)度。三是(shi)著(zhu)力(li)建(jian)設法(fa)治(zhi)公(gong)(gong)安(an)，確(que)保嚴(yan)格規范公(gong)(gong)正文(wen)明執(zhi)法(fa)，提高(gao)公(gong)(gong)安(an)機關執(zhi)法(fa)水(shui)(shui)平和(he)執(zhi)法(fa)公(gong)(gong)信(xin)力(li)，努(nu)力(li)讓人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群(qun)眾在每一項執(zhi)法(fa)活動、每一起案件辦(ban)理中都能(neng)感受到社會公(gong)(gong)平正義。

在創新社會治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)治(zhi)(zhi)理機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)面，這次改革從完善治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)管理防控機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、創新懲(cheng)防犯(fan)罪(zui)工(gong)作(zuo)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、完善國(guo)際警(jing)務合作(zuo)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、健(jian)全(quan)情報信(xin)息主導警(jing)務機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)方(fang)面，提(ti)出(chu)了(le)創新治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)治(zhi)(zhi)理方(fang)式、提(ti)高治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)治(zhi)(zhi)理水平(ping)的若(ruo)干措施。圍(wei)繞創新立(li)體(ti)化(hua)社會治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)防控體(ti)系，建立(li)健(jian)全(quan)更加(jia)注(zhu)重源(yuan)頭預(yu)防、綜合治(zhi)(zhi)理的社會治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)治(zhi)(zhi)理模式。加(jia)快建立(li)以(yi)公(gong)(gong)民身份號碼為基(ji)礎的公(gong)(gong)民統一(yi)社會信(xin)用代碼制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，推動建立(li)違法(fa)犯(fan)罪(zui)記(ji)錄與信(xin)用、相關職業準入等(deng)掛(gua)鉤制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。健(jian)全(quan)社會治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)組織動員機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，推動社會治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)社會化(hua)治(zhi)(zhi)理。健(jian)全(quan)涉(she)眾(zhong)型(xing)經濟犯(fan)罪(zui)、涉(she)電信(xin)詐騙犯(fan)罪(zui)偵查工(gong)作(zuo)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。健(jian)全(quan)同有關部(bu)門密(mi)切協作(zuo)、高效順暢的海(hai)外追逃追贓、遣(qian)返引渡(du)工(gong)作(zuo)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，等(deng)等(deng)。

在深化公安行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政管理(li)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)方面(mian)，這次(ci)(ci)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)從(cong)深化行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政審批制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)、扎(zha)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)戶(hu)(hu)籍(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)、創新(xin)人(ren)(ren)口服務(wu)(wu)管理(li)、健全(quan)完善(shan)外國人(ren)(ren)在中(zhong)國永(yong)久(jiu)居(ju)留制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)邊防(fang)出入境、交通(tong)(tong)(tong)、消(xiao)防(fang)監(jian)督管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)方面(mian)，提出了一(yi)系列服務(wu)(wu)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)開放、促進(jin)(jin)經濟發展和(he)(he)便民(min)利民(min)的政策(ce)性(xing)(xing)措施(shi)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)安排。建立(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政審批事項(xiang)定期(qi)清理(li)和(he)(he)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政審批權力清單制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。扎(zha)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)戶(hu)(hu)籍(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)，取消(xiao)暫住(zhu)證(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，全(quan)面(mian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)居(ju)住(zhu)證(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，建立(li)(li)健全(quan)與居(ju)住(zhu)年(nian)限(xian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)條件相掛(gua)鉤的基本公共服務(wu)(wu)提供機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無戶(hu)(hu)口人(ren)(ren)員落(luo)戶(hu)(hu)政策(ce)。建立(li)(li)戶(hu)(hu)口遷移網(wang)上流轉(zhuan)核驗(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)居(ju)民(min)身(shen)份證(zheng)異地(di)(di)受理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，方便異地(di)(di)辦(ban)理(li)戶(hu)(hu)口和(he)(he)身(shen)份證(zheng)。改(gai)革(ge)(ge)內(nei)地(di)(di)往來港澳(ao)邊檢查驗(yan)模(mo)式，提高通(tong)(tong)(tong)關(guan)效率。向(xiang)縣級公安機關(guan)下(xia)放出入境證(zheng)件受理(li)審批權限(xian)。健全(quan)完善(shan)統一(yi)規(gui)范、靈活務(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的外國人(ren)(ren)在中(zhong)國永(yong)久(jiu)居(ju)留制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。改(gai)革(ge)(ge)駕(jia)駛人(ren)(ren)培訓考試，推(tui)(tui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駕(jia)駛人(ren)(ren)自主預(yu)約考試、異地(di)(di)考試等(deng)(deng)(deng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。深化機動車(che)檢驗(yan)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)，全(quan)面(mian)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)省(sheng)內(nei)異地(di)(di)驗(yan)車(che)，逐步推(tui)(tui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)跨(kua)省(sheng)異地(di)(di)驗(yan)車(che)。加快建立(li)(li)跨(kua)省(sheng)異地(di)(di)處理(li)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)違法和(he)(he)繳納罰款制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。縮(suo)小(xiao)建設工程(cheng)消(xiao)防(fang)審批范圍(wei)。全(quan)面(mian)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)報警(jing)求助首(shou)接(jie)責任制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、群(qun)眾辦(ban)事一(yi)次(ci)(ci)告知(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、窗(chuang)口單位(wei)彈性(xing)(xing)工作制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，大力推(tui)(tui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“預(yu)約服務(wu)(wu)”、“綠色通(tong)(tong)(tong)道”和(he)(he)“一(yi)站式”等(deng)(deng)(deng)服務(wu)(wu)模(mo)式。積極(ji)搭建綜合性(xing)(xing)網(wang)絡服務(wu)(wu)平(ping)臺和(he)(he)新(xin)媒體(ti)移動終(zhong)端，推(tui)(tui)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政審批事項(xiang)全(quan)程(cheng)網(wang)上流轉(zhuan)，方便群(qun)眾咨詢、辦(ban)事和(he)(he)查詢、監(jian)督，等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。

在完善(shan)(shan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)力(li)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制方(fang)面，這(zhe)次改(gai)革從(cong)完善(shan)(shan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)案(an)(an)制度、執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)銜接機(ji)(ji)(ji)制、執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)責任制、人權(quan)保障(zhang)制度等(deng)方(fang)面，提出了規范(fan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)力(li)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)、促進社(she)會公平正義的(de)一(yi)系列改(gai)革舉措。探索實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)受案(an)(an)立(li)案(an)(an)分離和(he)(he)立(li)案(an)(an)歸口管理(li)(li)制度。健(jian)全(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)裁(cai)(cai)量(liang)(liang)基(ji)準制度，細化量(liang)(liang)化裁(cai)(cai)量(liang)(liang)標(biao)準。深化執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)公開(kai)，落實(shi)(shi)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)告知制度。圍(wei)繞推進以審判為中心的(de)訴(su)訟制度改(gai)革，完善(shan)(shan)適(shi)應證(zheng)據裁(cai)(cai)判規則要求的(de)證(zheng)據收集(ji)工(gong)作機(ji)(ji)(ji)制，完善(shan)(shan)嚴格實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)非法(fa)(fa)(fa)證(zheng)據排(pai)除規則和(he)(he)嚴禁刑訊逼供、體(ti)罰虐待違(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)犯罪(zui)嫌疑人的(de)工(gong)作機(ji)(ji)(ji)制，建立(li)健(jian)全(quan)(quan)訊問(wen)犯罪(zui)嫌疑人錄音錄像制度和(he)(he)對違(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)犯罪(zui)嫌疑人辯(bian)解、申訴(su)、控告認真審查(cha)、及時處理(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制，完善(shan)(shan)偵查(cha)階段聽取(qu)辯(bian)護律師意見的(de)工(gong)作制度。規范(fan)查(cha)封、扣押、凍(dong)結(jie)、處理(li)(li)涉(she)案(an)(an)財(cai)物(wu)程序，實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)涉(she)案(an)(an)財(cai)物(wu)集(ji)中管理(li)(li)。完善(shan)(shan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)責任制，健(jian)全(quan)(quan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)過錯糾正和(he)(he)責任追究(jiu)制度，建立(li)冤假錯案(an)(an)責任終身(shen)追究(jiu)制。探索建立(li)主辦(ban)偵查(cha)員(yuan)制度，落實(shi)(shi)辦(ban)案(an)(an)質量(liang)(liang)終身(shen)負責制，等(deng)等(deng)。

全(quan)面深(shen)化公安(an)改革(ge)還(huan)明(ming)確提出，根據人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民警察(cha)(cha)的(de)性質特(te)點(dian)，建立有(you)別于(yu)其他(ta)公務員的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民警察(cha)(cha)管理制(zhi)度(du)和(he)保障(zhang)機制(zhi)。按照職(zhi)位類(lei)別和(he)職(zhi)務序列，對人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民警察(cha)(cha)實行分類(lei)管理。適(shi)應正(zheng)規化、專業(ye)化、職(zhi)業(ye)化建設要求，建立健全(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民警察(cha)(cha)招錄(lu)培養機制(zhi)。貫徹落實人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民警察(cha)(cha)生活待遇“高于(yu)地方(fang)、略低于(yu)軍隊”的(de)原則，建立符合人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民警察(cha)(cha)職(zhi)業(ye)特(te)點(dian)的(de)工資(zi)待遇保障(zhang)體系。完(wan)善人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民警察(cha)(cha)撫(fu)恤(xu)優待制(zhi)度(du)，建立健全(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)意外傷害保險(xian)等(deng)職(zhi)業(ye)風險(xian)保障(zhang)制(zhi)度(du)。依法維護人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民警察(cha)(cha)執(zhi)法權威。規范警務輔助(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員管理，等(deng)等(deng)。